关于宁夏水洞沟的导游词

　　Dear tourists

　　Welcome to Ningxia for sightseeing. First of all, please allow me tointroduce Ningxia to you.

　　Ningxia is located in the northwest inland area of the motherland, in themiddle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, with a total land area of 600square kilometers. Now it has jurisdiction over Yinchuan and Shizuishan, Yinnanand Guyuan, Wuzhong, Qingtongxia and Lingwu, 6 districts and 15 counties. Thepopulation of the whole region is 5.36 million.

　　Ningxia is the only Hui Autonomous Region in China, and the Hui populationaccounts for about 1 / 3 of the total population of the region. Hui peoplebelieve in Islam, and there are more than 3000 large and small mosques in thewhole autonomous region, so Ningxia is also known as the "hometown of Muslims"in China.

　　(history and Culture)

　　Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. The excavationof Shuidonggou site in Lingwu City on the Bank of the Yellow River shows thathuman beings lived and multiplied in the Paleolithic age 30000 years ago. In theQin Dynasty, it belonged to Beidi County, where the Qin army garrisoned thefrontier to fight against the Huns. In Han Dynasty, it was divided into twoparts: Shuofang and Ciliang. In the Tang Dynasty, the economy of agriculture andanimal husbandry was greatly developed. At the beginning of the 11th century,the Dangxiang nationality took Ningxia as the center, established the Xixiaregime and created the splendid Xixia Culture. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyedXixia, Ningxia Province was set up, which means "pacify Xixia forever", so itbegan to have the name of Ningxia. In the Ming Dynasty, Ningxia Wei wasreformed, and in the Qing Dynasty, Gansu Province was established. NingxiaProvince was founded in 1928. In 1654, the provincial system was abolished anddivided into Inner Mongolia and Gansu provinces. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regionwas established in 1958.

　　Ningxia is located in the transitional zone between the Central Plainsculture and grassland culture, and also the blending zone of Hetao culture andthe silk road. The ancient and far-reaching Yellow River culture, distinctiveIslamic culture, unique Xixia Culture, distinctive immigrant culture and richand broad frontier cultural tools have left many precious relics and explorationopportunities for future generations in this magical land The mystery of theworld.

　　(topography and climate)

　　Tourists, the terrain of Ningxia is high in the South and low in the north.Mountains and plateaus account for about 3 / 4 of the whole area. The rest isplain area, of which desert accounts for 8% of the area of Ningxia. In terms ofterrain distribution, from north to South are Helan Mountain, Ningxia Plain,Ordos grassland, Loess Plateau, Liupan Mountain, etc., with an average altitudeof more than 1000 meters. The Helan Mountains in the North stretch for 250kilometers and become the natural barrier of Ningxia Plain, while the lushLiupan Mountains in the south. The ancient Yellow River flows northward throughthe central and northern parts of Ningxia, with a total flow of 397 kilometersin Ningxia and 12 counties and cities. The Ningxia section of the Yellow Riverhas a wide water surface and is irrigated and cultivated. Their hard work hasmade Ningxia a beautiful "south of the Yangtze River" with crisscross ditches,fragrant rice and fish, fragrant melons and fruits. This can be confirmed by thepoem of the Tang Dynasty poet "orchards under Helan Mountain, old famous innorthern and southern China".

　　In addition, Ningxia is located in a high latitude, with large temperaturedifference between day and night, relatively high temperature of direct sunlightduring the day, significantly lower temperature of residual heat of air swept atnight, and about 15 ℃ temperature difference between day and night in summer.The rainy season is concentrated in summer, but the precipitation is small.Ningxia's sky is bright, "blue sky, white clouds floating, white clouds underthe horse run" is a true portrayal of Ningxia's weather and customs.

　　(Tourism Landscape)

　　Various types of natural landscape and eclectic multi-culturalcharacteristics bring rich tourism resources to Ningxia. As "the last virginland of China's tourism", Ningxia has been favored by tourists at home andabroad in recent years. When you come to Ningxia for tourism, you can enjoy its"six characteristics" from different angles: Ancient Yellow River culture,majestic desert scenery, mysterious Xixia Dynasty, rich homecoming customs,charming six scenes, and beautiful south of the Great Wall. There are Xixiamausoleum known as "Oriental pyramid", 108 towers, the largest lama stylearchitectural complex in China, Helan Mountain rock painting, the Pearl of sandsea, Shapotou, and Shahu Lake, which is rated as one of China's 35 ace touristattractions by the National Tourism Administration. At present, some specialtourism projects have been developed, such as riding on sheep skin rafts,crossing the Tengger Desert by camel, imitating the ancient style of Xixia, Huicustoms, sand lake bird watching, walking on the Great Wall, ecologicalagriculture sightseeing and so on. The tour of Ningxia has many points, a widerange, a long line, such as songs, poems, and paintings, giving people uniqueenjoyment.

　　(Hui customs)

　　Tourists, when they come to Ningxia, they should especially accept thecustoms of the Hui people, because Ningxia is the area with the largest numberof Hui people in China (the number of Hui people in China's 55 ethnic minoritiesis second only to Zhuang people). Let's talk about the Hui people's beliefs,programs, customs, emergencies and costumes.

　　Hui people believe in Islam, so they have a close relationship with Islam.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese Islamic scholars introduced Islamicdoctrines in terms of "purity and pollution", "truth is the only one", "supremelove and truth" and "Allah's original supremacy is called halal". Ancient Islamwas also known as "halal religion". Islamic mosque is called "mosque", Muslimfood is called "halal food", Muslim restaurants and food stores are used to usethe word "Qingzhen" as a sign. There are more than 3000 mosques in Ningxia, allover the country. According to the requirements of the ancient x Sutra, HuiMuslims should observe five tasks, namely, recitation (prayer), ritual(worship), fasting (fasting), lesson (donation) and pilgrimage (pilgrimage).

　　Islam's Eid al Fitr, guerbang Festival and holy Ji Festival are also thethree major festivals of Hui Muslims. As the name suggests, Eid al Fitr is thefirst day after the end of Ramadan. It is 70 days after Eid al Fitr. The Arabicword "gurbang" means killing animals, so it is also called Eid al Fitr. The holyseason is held on the 12th of March every year to commemorate the birth ofMuhammad __, the founder of Islam.

　　The Hui nationality is also deeply influenced by Islam in birth naming,marriage and funeral. After the birth of the Hui children, they should be namedafter the imam, which is called "Jing Ming". After fulfilling the legalprocedures, the Imam presided over the ceremony, recited the ancient x Sutra andtestified the marriage of the Hui youth. Three days later, the bride and groomgo back to their parents' home, which is called "return door". The Hui people'sfuneral is an earth burial, which advocates plain burial instead of coffin.After the body is washed, it is wrapped in white cloth and buried in the earthcave. Relatives first meet seven, and then meet the annual sacrifice. Hui peoplehave good health habits. Before worship, they have to take a bath. "Xiaojing"washes their hair, hands and feet with a soup bottle, "Dajing" washes theirwhole body with a hanging jar. The courtyard of Hui nationality is clean andorderly. The bucket used to carry water is buckled on the stone slab, and thebucket used to lift water from the well is hung on the wall and cannot fall tothe ground.

　　Hui people avoid idolatry. Fasting of dead animals, blood, pigs, horses,donkeys, mules, dogs and other non ruminant animals. The Hui people take martialarts and fitness as their virtue, so most of them have a long life.

　　In terms of clothing, most Hui men wear small white or black hats, whichare called worship hats. Women usually wear a white cap or cap without edge tocover their hair. Girls usually wear green, married women wear black, and theelderly wear white. Hui women like to wear earrings, rings, bracelets andheadwear.

　　(specialty and flavor)

　　Tourists, the specialty and flavor of Ningxia can be summed up in twosentences: "Wu Baoyao is a tourist, long thought, long thought, do not want toreturn."

　　Ningxia's special products, which want to be praised by the world, aremedlar, licorice, helanshi, tanyangpi and Nostoc flagelliforme. They are calledfive treasures because of their red, yellow, blue, white and black colors.Lycium barbarum timely Chinese medicine boutique, advantage kidney health food.Licorice is praised as "the king of traditional Chinese medicine". The inkstonemade of Helan stone is not only a practical product of the four treasures of thestudy, but also a precious craft collection. Ningxia Tan sheep is one of theexcellent fur sheep in China. It is usually made of Tan sheep lambs' second furfor about one month. Its excellent quality and unique style are well-known athome and abroad. Nostoc flagelliforme is one of the "eight treasures", which hasboth edible function and medicinal value. However, digging Nostoc flagelliformewill seriously damage the environment and lead to land desertification.Therefore, Nostoc flagelliforme has been listed as a national first-class keyprotected and managed wild sand fixing plant, and its collection and sale areprohibited.

　　The local flavor of Ningxia is unique because it has Chinese traditionalflavor. Its halal flavor snacks are not only cherished by the majority ofMuslims, but also enjoyed by people of all ethnic groups. They are fragrant withoil, crispy and crisp Sanzi, as well as the most distinctive beverage, Gaiwantea. Muslim chefs also created a series of Muslim dishes, such as bowl steamedsheep, instant boiled mutton, crystal sheep head, stewed beef tendon, braisedmutton, pan fried duck, pigeon egg steamed vegetables, sweet and sour YellowRiver carp and so on. Among them, "eight bowls", the Hui people's feast withstew as the main dish, is the Hui people's festive feast. Ningxia snacks alsoinclude beef and mutton, Tuanbao, niangpizi, Hui rape, niuganba, etc., withvarious names and characteristics. There is a snack street in the downtown areaof Yinchuan. Tourists may as well go through the streets and enjoy it.

　　Dear tourists, this is the general situation of Ningxia. Maybe after youtake you to Ningxia, you will feel the same sigh as me: Ningxia is the mostbeautiful after you travel all over the mountains and rivers!

关于宁夏水洞沟的导游词

　　20___年的考古发掘中，出土的文物除石制品、动物碎骨和用火遗迹外，这次发掘尤其重要的是还出土了近百枚精美的环状装饰品。装饰品以鸵鸟蛋皮、骨片为原料，圆形，其外径一般在8毫米左右，用琢制和磨制结合的方法做成，中间钻小孔，孔径一般在2—3毫米，个别的有4毫米，有的表面还被矿物质颜料染过色。完整、残缺、成品、半成品各种类型都有发现。这些装饰品小巧、规范，为目前在中国发现的旧石器时代同类遗物中制作最为精美者，极大地丰富了水洞沟文化的内涵，为研究当时人类的生产力水平、行为模式和审美能力提供了重要的信息。水洞沟遗址所代表的文化，在阐述区域性石器技术传统的成因、远古文化的发掘和变异，以及晚更新人类在东北亚的迁移、扩散和交流具有重要地位，对3万多年前东西文化的比较研究具有十分重要的意义。

　　时光有时会埋没一切，时光有时亦会重现一切。直至目前，水洞沟依然是宁夏已知最早的人类文化遗址，随着考古发掘技术的不断进步和对其研究的持续深入，新的发现仍将层出不穷。

关于宁夏水洞沟的导游词

　　随着人类的进化和生产力的进一步发展，人类使用的工具越来越先进，但是，也许有许多人想象不到我们现在使用的工具，它们最初都是由石器工具演变而来的，下面我们就通过展柜来了解一下工具的演变过程:一号展柜中展示的是从水洞沟出土的打制的尖状器到磨制石矛，最后成为现代的金属矛头或箭头演变过程，

　　二号展柜中展示的是从水洞沟出土的打制刮削器到磨制石刀，最后发展到现代的金属刀的演变轨迹;

　　三号展柜是从打制的砍砸器到磨制石斧至现代金属斧的演变; 四号展柜是从打制的锯齿刃器工具到磨制的石锯，最后发展到现代金属锯的演变。

　　在陶器产生之前，人们将动物的胃切下作为容器来使用，在其中注满水，加入动物肉或是草籽等，再从河床上捡拾大小相当、材质适宜的石头，称为烧石，将烧石在阳光下暴晒或在火里进行加热后投入胃中，反复此过程，直到生食变为熟食。在水洞沟12号地点的烧石是首次确认并得以论证的古人类间接用火、掌握“石烹法“的证据，对古人类用火的历史研究具有里程牌的意义。

　　水洞沟遗址发掘成果经过五次系统考古发掘，发掘成果可谓丰硕，已成为中国旧石器遗址中材料最丰富多彩、最多样化的遗址有：石制品-打制和磨制，小石片石器、石叶、细石器制品;骨制品;装饰品;纺轮;陶器;动物化石;用火遗迹，其中构成水洞沟文化基础的主要石制品，其工具及石器制作修理技术，可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其是出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核和勒瓦娄瓦石片工具，与欧洲相当古老的莫斯特文化接近。法国考古泰斗步日耶指出在水洞沟出土的石核和以长薄规整的石叶为标志的材料“可以同欧洲、西亚和北非已演变的莫斯特人类栖息地的材料相提并论，好像是处在很发达的莫斯特文化和正在成长的奥瑞纳文化之间。”中国考古泰斗刘东生院士则作为带有文学色彩的论断：“在水洞沟这个地处横贯欧亚的黄土地带东端的遗址所遇到的具有与欧洲风格相似的旧石器文化，是东西方文化碰撞所迸发出的火花。这是水洞沟区别与中国其他旧石器遗址的地方。也是水洞沟文化中“外来说”和“本土来源”的争论中“外来说”占据主导地位的理论基础。

关于宁夏水洞沟的导游词

　　登上坝顶，我们眼前呈现的是“高峡出平湖”的又一奇特景观，这片湖面因位于红山地区，所以名为“红山湖”。“红山湖”也是蓄积边沟之水而成的，丰水期，湖面可于峡谷中向东延伸2公里多，上空常有鹰鹤翱翔，水面上时有鸳鸯、野鸭游弋，山中野草青青，景色非常优美，

　　在这里大家可以乘船游览水岸长城，体验人与水鸟和谐共处;长城、断崖倒映水中;蓝天白云，映于水底的别样番情趣。这种天人合一，历史文化和当今生态有机结合的塞上江南景观，实是不可多得，真可谓“舟行碧波上，人在画中游”。

　　藏兵洞简介 室内

　　所谓藏兵洞，是红山堡守军由地上转入地下，隐蔽，保护自己，伺机出击，或在空旷处设伏兵的地道。长城、城堡、深沟、峡谷和藏兵洞共同构成了全国是唯一保存最为完整的古代立体军事防御体系。现在展现在大家眼前的藏兵洞是我国最早的地道战遗址和原型。如果说抗战时期，八路军和游击队的地道战能让敌人胆战心惊，闻风丧胆，那么我们可以想象500多年前明代的边塞守军也是以同样的智慧和勇敢将侵略者挡在了长城之外。