随着人类的进化和生产力的进一步发展，人类使用的工具越来越先进，但是，也许有许多人想象不到我们现在使用的工具，它们最初都是由石器工具演变而来的，下面我们就通过展柜来了解一下工具的演变过程:一号展柜中展示的是从水洞沟出土的打制的尖状器到磨制石矛，最后成为现代的金属矛头或箭头演变过程，
二号展柜中展示的是从水洞沟出土的打制刮削器到磨制石刀，最后发展到现代的金属刀的演变轨迹;
三号展柜是从打制的砍砸器到磨制石斧至现代金属斧的演变; 四号展柜是从打制的锯齿刃器工具到磨制的石锯，最后发展到现代金属锯的演变。
在陶器产生之前，人们将动物的胃切下作为容器来使用，在其中注满水，加入动物肉或是草籽等，再从河床上捡拾大小相当、材质适宜的石头，称为烧石，将烧石在阳光下暴晒或在火里进行加热后投入胃中，反复此过程，直到生食变为熟食。在水洞沟12号地点的烧石是首次确认并得以论证的古人类间接用火、掌握“石烹法“的证据，对古人类用火的历史研究具有里程牌的意义。
水洞沟遗址发掘成果经过五次系统考古发掘，发掘成果可谓丰硕，已成为中国旧石器遗址中材料最丰富多彩、最多样化的遗址有：石制品-打制和磨制，小石片石器、石叶、细石器制品;骨制品;装饰品;纺轮;陶器;动物化石;用火遗迹，其中构成水洞沟文化基础的主要石制品，其工具及石器制作修理技术，可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其是出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核和勒瓦娄瓦石片工具，与欧洲相当古老的莫斯特文化接近。法国考古泰斗步日耶指出在水洞沟出土的石核和以长薄规整的石叶为标志的材料“可以同欧洲、西亚和北非已演变的莫斯特人类栖息地的材料相提并论，好像是处在很发达的莫斯特文化和正在成长的奥瑞纳文化之间。”中国考古泰斗刘东生院士则作为带有文学色彩的论断：“在水洞沟这个地处横贯欧亚的黄土地带东端的遗址所遇到的具有与欧洲风格相似的旧石器文化，是东西方文化碰撞所迸发出的火花。这是水洞沟区别与中国其他旧石器遗址的地方。也是水洞沟文化中“外来说”和“本土来源”的争论中“外来说”占据主导地位的理论基础。
Shuidonggou is the earliest Paleolithic site excavated in China. It is anational key cultural relic protection unit, a national AAAAA scenic spot and anational geopark. It is known as "the birthplace of Chinese prehistoricarchaeology" and "the historical witness of cultural exchange between China andthe west". It has been listed as one of the 100 major sites under nationalcultural relics protection. It was also selected as "one of the 100 mostsignificant archaeological discoveries of Chinese civilization" by NationalGeographic and Chinese heritage magazine. Shuidonggou is also a Grand ViewGarden of military defense buildings such as the Great Wall, beacon, Castle,ditch, Tibetan cave, Grand Canyon and pier in Ming Dynasty. It is the onlythree-dimensional military defense system of the great wall that has beenpreserved most completely in China. Shuidonggou is 19 kilometers away fromYinchuan, the capital, and only 15 minutes' drive away from the airport. YinqingExpressway and auxiliary road pass through the scenic area. With convenienttransportation, Shuidonggou has the advantage of being close to the city and faraway from downtown.
If culture is the soul of Shuidonggou, then innovation is the driving forcefor its development. There are many sites in China. However, on the basis of thevisiting function of traditional museums, innovative elements of artistry,literariness and high technology are integrated. Shuidonggou is the only one.Shuidonggou Heritage Museum displays 270 degree super large halfview paintings,real scenes, phantom imaging and other display forms, combined with the world'smost popular scenic spots The application of advanced sound, light, electricity,adjustable seismic platform and other technologies can truly reproduce theproduction scenes of ancient people's happy fishing and hunting life and stonemaking, as well as the shocking disaster scenes of rainstorm, flood, mountaincollapse, etc. thirty thousand years ago. The aestheticism and realism of thescenes are shocking. The artistic conception makes tourists quickly integrateinto the life scenes of thirty thousand years, and thirty thousand years laterIt's a long time ago, but in Shuidonggou Museum, time is no longer a distance.High technology allows you to travel for 30000 years in an instant. It hascreated a new form of Museum exhibition in China. It is the only and largestindoor audience interactive dynamic experience exhibition hall in China, and hasbecome a highlight of Shuidonggou.
The magic of Shuidonggou lies in that it is not only a place where ancienthuman beings lived and thrived 30000 years ago, but also an important militarydefense area in the Ming Dynasty. There are many places with great wall inChina. However, the three-dimensional military defense system composed of greatwall, trench, Castle and steep grand Canyon, as well as the Tibetans' cave dugalong the cliff of the canyon, is unique in Shuidonggou, which covers the wholecanyon The cangbing cave on the wall is grand in scene and wonderful in design.There are all kinds of facilities in the cave, such as tunnels, organs,concealed weapons, lookout tower, weapons depot, water well, general's restroom, conference hall and kitchen. Here you can visit and experience the thrilland excitement of tunnel warfare in Ming Dynasty, the cruelty of war and theintelligence of garrison in Ming Dynasty. You can experience and understand itfrom zero distance, and you will be very satisfied Full of tourists' curiosityand thirst for knowledge. It has become another highlight of Shuidonggou.
Shuidonggou's means of transportation are also very distinctive. Cruiseships, donkey carts and camel carts are very leisurely. When you travel inShuidonggou, you will forget the hustle and bustle of the city and thecomplexity of your mind, and go on like this all the time. Beautiful, bright,safe, leisurely, remote, quiet, harmonious, outside the city, outside thevillage of Shuidonggou, is absolutely tourists flying mood, enjoy the freedom ofleisure tourism holy land.
A half day scenic spot, from 30000 years to 500 years; from prehistoricculture to frontier military culture; from Earth forest landscape to GaoxiaPinghu; from desert border to Jiangnan beauty, it can be called magic!
水洞沟出土的环状装饰品共有69件。用骨片和鸵鸟蛋皮制成的精美环状装饰品，是迄今我国发现年代最早的批量生产的磨制工艺品，其精美程度为我国旧石器文化中所仅见，极大地丰富了水洞沟的文化内涵，为研究当时人类生产力发展水平、技术演化、艺术品加工使用情况及其行为模式和审美能力提供了重要资料。
这里是一号考古发掘点剖面，前四次考古发掘都在一号点进行，共清理出的石制品和动物化石近万件，如此密集的分布地点，可能有三种原因，一是水洞沟人在这里生活的时间很长，因此留下了很多的生活用具，二是水洞沟人生产技术达到旧石器晚期最高水平，当时已经开始批量生产工具。三是水洞沟人来此之前的很长时间，还有其他人在这里生活过。我们形象的把它称之为“石器加工厂”。中间凹槽以上为新石器时代遗存，之下为旧石器时代遗存，说明水洞沟包含两个时代的历史遗存。
水洞沟古人类文化遗址，位于宁夏灵武市临河镇水洞沟村，距银川市19公里，占地7.8平方公里。十二年()，由法国古生物学家德日进、桑志华在这里发现，通过发掘，出土了大量石器和动物化石。水洞沟因此而成为中国最早发掘旧石器时代的古人类文化遗址，被誉为“中国史前考古的发祥地”、“中西方文化交流的历史见证”，被国家列为“最具中华文明意义的百项考古发现”之一。1988年被公布为“全国重点文物保护单位”。20xx年8月，被公布为国家地质公园。20xx年7月，水洞沟景区成为国家AAAAA级旅游景区。
水洞沟是中国最早发掘的旧石器时代遗址之一，蕴藏着丰富而珍贵的史前资料，被列为国家“”文物保护规划重大遗址之一。它向人们展示了距今3万年前古人类的生存画卷，是迄今为止我国在黄河地区唯一经过正式发掘的旧石器时代遗址。80多年来，经过5次考古发掘，在水洞沟出土了3万多件石器和67件古动物化石。其中构成水洞沟文化基础的一些石制品、工具及石器制作修理技术，可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其是出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核，与欧洲相当古老的奥瑞纳文化形状接近。对这种地区相隔遥远、文化雷同的现象，外国著名考古专家认为是人类“大距离迁徙的同化影响”。
20xx年的考古发掘中，出土的文物除石制品、动物碎骨和用火遗迹外，这次发掘尤其重要的是还出土了近百枚精美的环状装饰品。装饰品以鸵鸟蛋皮、骨片为原料，圆形，其外径一般在8毫米左右，用琢制和磨制结合的方法做成，中间钻小孔，孔径一般在2—3毫米，个别的有4毫米，有的表面还被矿物质颜料染过色。完整、残缺、成品、半成品各种类型都有发现。这些装饰品小巧、规范，为目前在中国发现的旧石器时代同类遗物中制作最为精美者，极大地丰富了水洞沟文化的内涵，为研究当时人类的生产力水平、行为模式和审美能力提供了重要的信息。水洞沟遗址所代表的文化，在阐述区域性石器技术传统的成因、远古文化的发掘和变异，以及晚更新人类在东北亚的迁移、扩散和交流具有重要地位，对3万多年前东西文化的比较研究具有十分重要的意义。
时光有时会埋没一切，时光有时亦会重现一切。直至目前，水洞沟依然是宁夏已知最早的人类文化遗址，随着考古发掘技术的不断进步和对其研究的持续深入，新的发现仍将层出不穷。
Dear tourists, welcome to visit the Shuidonggou ancient human culturalsite. Shuidonggou site is located in Shuidonggou village, Linhe Town, LingwuCity, Ningxia. It is 30 kilometers away from Lingwu City in the south, 19kilometers away from Yinchuan City in the west, 11 kilometers away from Hedongairport, and connected with Ejian banner of Inner Mongolia in the north,covering an area of 7.8 square kilometers. Scientific research found thatShuidonggou area is the holy land of human reproduction 30000 years ago. In1923, French paleontologists de Rijin and sang Zhihua discovered a prehistoriccultural site here. Through excavation, a large number of stone tools and animalfossils were unearthed. Therefore, Shuidonggou became the earliest Paleolithiccultural site in China, known as "the birthplace of Chinese prehistoricarchaeology" and "the historical witness of cultural exchanges between China andthe west". In 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protectionunit, and in 20__, it was rated as AAAAA tourist attraction by the NationalTourism Administration.
Dear tourists, Shuidonggou site records the historical witness of ancienthuman reproduction and struggle with nature, and contains rich and preciousprehistoric materials. It is the only Paleolithic site officially excavated inthe Yellow River area in China so far. Over the past 80 years, through sixarchaeological excavations, more than 30000 stone tools and 67 fossil animalshave been unearthed in Shuidonggou. Among them, some stone products, tools andstone making and repairing techniques, which form the basis of Shuidonggouculture, can be compared with the stone tools of moste and orina periods inEurope, West Asia and North Africa. In particular, a large number of lewalowastone cores unearthed are close to the shape of orina culture, which is quiteancient in Europe. For this phenomenon of distant distance and culturalsimilarity, foreign famous archaeologists believe that it is "the assimilationeffect of human long-distance migration". The culture represented by Shuidonggousite plays an important role in the study of the origin of regional stonetechnology tradition, the excavation and variation of ancient culture, and themigration, diffusion and exchange of late renewal human beings in NortheastAsia. It is of great significance to the comparative study of eastern andWestern cultures more than 30000 years ago.
Dear tourists, Shuidonggou area is also a Grand View Garden of militarydefense buildings in northern China, such as the Ming Dynasty Great Wall,beacon, Castle, gully, pier, etc. In the nature reserve, the great wall windingeastward, the mound and Hough towering on the high platform, the simple andmysterious castle, and the winding and deep ditch make people dizzy. It makespeople think of the heroic scene of "the first soldiers holding spears to fightagainst the base, and the general pulling out Swords to chase Hu soldiers".Shuidonggou is located in the southern margin of Ordos platform. The Yadanlandform created by nature makes it full of powerful and peculiar charm ofbarren valley. After tens of millions of years of wind and sand carving anderosion, there are more than 20 unique native forest landscapes, such as ghostcity, wotuoling, motianya, duanyungu, Tamarix Valley, etc., which make peoplemarvel at the sight and sigh at the end of time. After more than two years ofdevelopment and construction, Shuidonggou tourist area has become a tourist areaintegrating tourism, scientific investigation, leisure and entertainment, andmilitary exploration. With the opening of Shuidonggou site museum, Shuidonggouscenic area has added new highlights.
Dear tourist friends, now we come to the most mysterious Tibetan soldiercave in Shuidonggou. Now we see a black hole on the cliff, which is the famousTibetan soldier cave. The so-called Tibetan soldier cave is a tunnel where thegarrison of hongshanbao turns from the ground to the ground, conceals the army,protects itself, waits for an opportunity to attack, or sets up an ambush in anopen place. This is the only and most complete ancient three-dimensionalmilitary defense system in China. In the defense system of the great wall of ourcountry, the Great Wall, the castle and the underground hiding soldier cave areclosely linked, but they are not in the whole country. This is the onlyplace.
The Tibetans cave, now in front of you, is the earliest tunnel warfare siteand prototype in China. If we can say that the tunnel warfare between the EighthRoute Army and the guerrillas during the Anti Japanese war can make the enemyscared, we can imagine that more than 500 years ago, the frontier garrison ofthe Ming Dynasty blocked the invaders out of the Great Wall with the same wisdomand courage. In the past, due to the lack of development, there was no conditionto enter the cave for sightseeing. People only know that the road of zangbingcave is like a labyrinth. In addition, the cave roof collapses, many places arecovered by soil, there are traps in the cave, and there may be snakes andscorpions. Therefore, people dare not go far into the cave. No one can tellexactly what is inside the cave. In this way, the cave becomes a very mysteriousplace for people to fear.
Now, we can safely go in and have a good look, but you must follow me andfollow the route guided by the signs to prevent you from getting lost and unableto get out.
We should be extra careful and pay attention to safety!
Dear tourists, now we come to Shuidonggou Ruins Museum. The museum, with aconstruction area of 4308 square meters and a shape similar to the stone toolsunearthed from Shuidonggou, is the only theme museum in Northwest China todisplay the cultural features of the Paleolithic age. On the basis of thevisiting function of traditional museums, it integrates artistic, literary andhigh-tech elements. With 270 degree super large halfview, real scene, phantomimaging and other display forms, combined with the application of the world'smost advanced sound, light, electricity, adjustable seismic platform and othertechnologies, it truly reproduces the happy fishing and hunting life of ancientpeople 30000 years ago, the production scene of making stone tools, and theheart shaking disaster scenes such as rainstorm, flood, landslides, etc., withbeautiful and realistic images The artistic conception makes tourists quicklyintegrate into the 30000 year life scene. 30000 years is a long time, but inShuidonggou Museum, time is no longer a distance. High technology allows you totravel 30000 years in an instant. It creates a new form of Museum exhibition inChina, and is the only and largest indoor audience's interactive experiencePavilion in China.
水洞沟是中国最早发掘的旧石器时代文化遗址，被誉为“中国史前考古的发祥地”、“中西方文化交流的历史见证”。是国家AAAA级旅游景区，全国重点文物保护单位，国家地质公园。被国家列为全国文物保护的100处大遗址之一、“最具中华文明意义的百项考古发现”之一;荣获“中国最值得外国人去的50个地方”银奖;中国唯一保存最完整的万里长城立体军事防御体系。
水洞沟遗址旅游区位于宁夏灵武市临河镇，西距银川市19公里，南距灵武市30公里，距河东机场11公里，地处银川河东旅游带的核心部位，北与内蒙古鄂尔多斯市相接，是连接宁蒙旅游的纽带，占地面积7.8平方公里。
水洞沟遗址记录了远古人类繁衍生息，同大自然搏斗的历史见证，蕴藏着丰富而珍贵的史前资料。它向人们展示了距今三万年前古人类的生存画卷，是迄今为止我国在黄河地区唯一经过正式发掘的旧石器时代遗址。80多年来，经过六次考古发掘，在水洞沟出土了三万多件石器和67件古动物化石。其中构成水洞沟文化基础的一些石制品、工具及石器制作修理技术，可以和欧洲、西亚、北非的莫斯特、奥瑞纳时期人类栖居地的石器相媲美。尤其出土的大量勒瓦娄哇石核，与欧洲相当古老的奥瑞纳文化的形状接近。对这种地区相隔遥远，文化雷同的现象，外国著名考古专家认为是人类“大距离迁徙的同化影响”。水洞沟遗址所代表的文化，在阐述区域性石器技术传统的成因、远古文化的发掘和变异，以及晚更新人类在东北亚的迁移，扩散和交流具有重要地位，对三万多年前东西文化的比较研究具有十分重要的意义。
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